and you had no tax liability for the full 12-month 2023 tax year. You had no tax liability for 2023 if your total tax was zero or you didn’t have to file an income tax return

There are special rules for farmers, fishermen, certain household employers, and certain higher income taxpayers.

Farmers and fishermen. If at least two-thirds of your gross income for 2023 or 2024 is from farming or fishing, substitute 662/3% for 90% in (2a) under General Rule.

Household employers. When estimating the tax on your 2024 tax return, include your household d employment taxes if either of the following applies.

• You will have federal income tax withheld from wages, pensions, annuities, gambling winnings, or other income.

• You would be required to make estimated tax payments to avoid a penalty even if you didn’t include household employment taxes when figuring your estimated tax.

Higher income taxpayers. If your adjusted gross income (AGI) for 2023 was more than $150,000 ($75,000 if your filing status for 2024 is married filing separately), substitute 110% for 100% in (2b) under General Rule, earlier. This rule doesn’t apply to farmers or fishermen.

If you also receive salaries and wages, you may be able to avoid having to make estimated tax payments on your other income by asking your employer to take more tax out of your earnings. To do this, file a new Form W-4, Employee's Withholding Certificate, with your employer.

Generally, if you receive a pension or annuity you can use Form W-4P, Withholding Certificate for Periodic Pension or Annuity Payments, to start or change your withholding from these payments.

You can also choose to have federal income tax withheld from certain government payments (see Form W-4V, Voluntary Withholding Request) or from nonperiodic payments and eligible rollover distributions (see Form W-4R, Withholding Certificate for Nonperiodic Payments and Eligible Rollover Distributions).

You can use the Tax Withholding Estimator at IRS.gov/W4App to determine whether you need to have your withholding increased or decreased.

You can find most of the information you will need in Pub. 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax, and in the instructions for the 2023 Form 1040 and 1040-SR.

For details on how to get forms and publications, see the 2023 Instructions for Form 1040.

Form 1040-SS filers. For 2024, the Estimated Tax Worksheet for filers of Form 1040-SS has been added to Form 1040-ES.

Individual taxpayer identification number (ITIN) renewal. If you have an ITIN that you haven’t included on a tax return in the last 3 consecutive years, you may need to renew it. For more information, see the Instructions for Form W-7.

Advance payments of the premium tax credit. If you buy health care insurance through the Health Insurance Marketplace, you may be eligible for advance payments of the premium tax credit to help pay for your insurance coverage. Receiving too little or too much in advance will affect your refund or balance due. Promptly report changes in your income or family size to your Marketplace. See Form 8962 and its instructions for more information.

Go to IRS.gov/Account to securely access information about your federal tax account.

• View the amount you owe and a breakdown by tax year.

• See payment plan details or apply for a new payment plan.

• Make a payment, view 5 years of payment history and any pending or scheduled payments.

• Access your tax records, including key data from your most recent tax return, your economic impact payment amounts, and transcripts.

• View digital copies of select notices from the IRS.

• Approve or reject authorization requests from tax professionals.

• Update your address or manage your communication preferences.

You will need:

• The 2024 Estimated Tax Worksheet,

• The Instructions for the 2024 Estimated Tax Worksheet,

• The 2024 Tax Rate Schedules, and

• Your 2023 tax return and instructions to use as a guide to figuring your income, deductions, and credits (but be sure to consider the items listed under What's New, earlier).

Matching estimated tax payments to income. If you receive your income unevenly throughout the year (for example, because you operate your business on a seasonal basis or you have a large capital gain late in the year), you may be able to lower or eliminate the amount of your required estimated tax payment for one or more periods by using the annualized income installment method. See chapter 2 of Pub. 505 for details.

Changing your estimated tax. To amend or correct your estimated tax, see How To Amend Estimated Tax Payments, later.

You can’t make joint estimated tax payments if you or your spouse is a nonresident alien, you are CAUTION separated under a decree of divorce or separate

next business day. See Pub. 509, Tax Calendars, for a list of all legal holidays.

If you changed your name because of marriage, divorce, etc., and you made estimated tax payments using your former name, attach a statement to the front of your 2024 paper tax return. On the statement, show all of the estimated tax payments you (and your spouse, if filing jointly) made for 2024 and the name(s) and SSN(s) under which you made the payments.

Be sure to report the change to your local Social Security Administration office before filing your 2024 tax return. This prevents delays in processing your return and issuing refunds. It also safeguards your future social security benefits. For more details, call the Social Security Administration at 800-772-1213 (TTY/TDD 800-325-0778).

To change or amend your estimated tax payments, refigure your total estimated tax payments due (see the 2024 Estimated Tax Worksheet). Then, to figure the payment due for each remaining payment period, see Amended estimated tax in chapter 2 of Pub. 505. If an estimated tax payment for a previous period is less than one-fourth of your amended estimated tax, you may owe a penalty when you file your return.

In some cases, you may owe a penalty when you file your return. The penalty is imposed on each underpayment for the number of days it remains unpaid. A penalty may be applied if you didn’t pay enough estimated tax for the year or you didn’t make the payments on time or in the required amount. A penalty may apply even if you have an overpayment on your tax return.

The penalty may be waived under certain conditions. See the Instructions for Form 2210 for details.

Paying online is convenient and secure and helps make sure we get your payments on time. To pay your taxes online or for more information, go to IRS.gov/Payments.

Once you are issued a social security number (SSN), use it when paying your estimated taxes online. Use your SSN even if your SSN does not authorize employment or if you have been issued an SSN that authorizes employment and you lose your employment authorization. An ITIN will not be issued to you once you have been issued an SSN. If you received your SSN after previously using an ITIN, stop using your ITIN. Use your SSN instead.

You can pay using any of the following methods.

• Your Online Account. You can now make tax payments through your online account, including balance payments, estimated tax payments, or other types. You can also see your payment history and other tax records there. Go to IRS.gov/Account.

Cash is an in-person payment option for individuals provided through retail partners with a maximum of $1,000 per day per transaction. To make a cash payment, you must choose a payment processor online at fed.acipayonline.com or www.Pay1040.com. For more information, go to IRS.gov/paywithcash or see Pub 5250. Don't send cash payments through the mail.

Before submitting a payment through the mail using the estimated tax payment voucher, please consider alternative methods. One of our safe, quick, and easy online payment options might be right for you.

If you choose to mail in your payment, there is a separate estimated tax payment voucher for each due date. The due date is shown in the upper right corner. Complete and send in the voucher only if you are making a payment by check or money order. If you and your spouse plan to file separate returns, file separate vouchers instead of a joint voucher.

To complete the voucher, do the following.

• Print or type your name, address, and SSN in the space provided on the estimated tax payment voucher. Enter your SSN even if your SSN does not authorize employment or if you have been issued an SSN that authorizes employment and you lose your employment authorization. If you have an ITIN, enter it wherever your SSN is requested. An ITIN will not be issued to you once you have been issued an SSN. If you received your SSN after previously using an ITIN, stop using your ITIN. Use your SSN instead. If filing a joint voucher, also enter your spouse's name and SSN. List the names and SSNs in the same order on the joint voucher as you will list them on your joint return.

• Enter in the box provided on the estimated tax payment voucher only the amount you are sending in by check or money order. When making payments of estimated tax, be sure to take into account any 2023 overpayment that you choose to credit against your 2024 tax, but don’t include the overpayment amount in this box.

• Make your check or money order payable to “United States Treasury.” Don’t send cash. To help process your payment accurately, enter the amount on the right side of the check like this: $ XXX.XX. Don’t use dashes or lines (for example, don’t enter “$ XXX—” or “$ XXX xx/100”).

• Enter “2024 Form 1040-ES” and your SSN on your check or money order. If you are filing a joint estimated tax payment voucher, enter the SSN that you will show first on your joint return.

• Enclose, but don’t staple or attach, your payment with the estimated tax payment voucher.

Notice to taxpayers presenting checks. When you provide a check as payment, you authorize us either to use information from your check to make a one-time electronic fund transfer from your account or to process the payment as a check transaction. When we use information from your check to make an electronic fund transfer, funds may be withdrawn from your account as soon as the same day we receive your payment, and you

you will need to spread the payment over 2 or more checks with each check made out for an amount less than $100 million. This limit doesn’t apply to other methods of payment (such as electronic payments). Please consider a method of payment other than check if the amount of the payment is over $100 million.

Instructions for the 2024 Estimated Tax Worksheet

If you file Form 1040-SS, use the 2024 Estimated Tax Worksheet for Filers of Form 1040-SS.

Line 1. Adjusted gross income. When figuring the adjusted gross income you expect in 2024, be sure to consider the items listed under What’s New, earlier. For more details on figuring your AGI, see Expected AGI—Line 1 in chapter 2 of Pub. 505.

If you are self-employed, be sure to take into account the deduction for self-employment tax. Use the 2024 Self-Employment Tax and Deduction Worksheet for Lines 1 and 9 of the Estimated Tax Worksheet to figure the amount to subtract when figuring your expected AGI. This worksheet will also give you the amount to enter on line 9 of your estimated tax worksheet.

Line 7. Credits. See the 2023 Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 19, and Schedule 3 (Form 1040), lines 1 through 6z, and the related instructions for the types of credits allowed.

Line 9. Self-employment tax. If you and your spouse make joint estimated tax payments and both of you have self-employment income, figure the self-employment tax for each of you separately. Enter the total on line 9. When estimating your 2024 net earnings from self-employment, be sure to use only 92.35% (0.9235) of your total net profit from self-employment.

Line 10. Other taxes. Use the 2023 Instructions for Form 1040 to determine if you expect to owe, for 2024, any of the taxes that would have been entered on your 2023 Schedule 2 (Form 1040), line 8 through 12 and 14 through 17z (see Exception 2, later). On line 10, enter the total of those taxes, subject to the following two exceptions.

Exception 1. Include household employment taxes from Schedule 2 (Form 1040), line 9, on this line only if:

• You will have federal income tax withheld from wages, pensions, annuities, gambling winnings, or other income; or

• You would be required to make estimated tax payments (to avoid a penalty) even if you didn’t include household employment taxes when figuring your estimated tax

If you meet either of the above, include the total of your household employment taxes on line 10.

Exception 2. Because the following taxes are not required to be paid until the due date of your income tax (not including extensions), do not include them on line 10.

• Uncollected social security and Medicare or RRTA tax on tips or group-term life insurance (Schedule 2, line 13),

• Recapture of federal mortgage subsidy (Schedule 2, line 17b),

• Excise tax on excess golden parachute payments (Schedule 2, line 17k),

• Excise tax on insider stock compensation from an expatriated corporation (Schedule 2, line 17m), and

• Look-back interest under section 167(g) or 460(b) (Schedule 2, line 17n).

Additional Medicare Tax. For information about the Additional Medicare Tax, see the Instructions for Form 8959.

Net Investment Income Tax (NIIT). For information about the Net Investment Income Tax, see the Instructions for Form 8960.

Repayment of first-time homebuyer credit. You must repay the first-time homebuyer credit if you bought the home in 2008.

For details about repaying the first-time homebuyer credit, see the Instructions for Form 5405.

Line 12b. Prior year's tax. Enter the 2023 tax you figure according to the instructions in Figuring your 2023 tax unless you meet one of the following exceptions.

• If the AGI shown on your 2023 return is more than $150,000 ($75,000 if married filing separately for 2024), enter 110% of your 2023 tax as figured next.

Note. This doesn’t apply to farmers or fishermen.

• If you will file a joint return for 2024 but you didn’t file a joint return for 2023, add the tax shown on your 2023 return to the tax shown on your spouse's 2023 return and enter the total on line 12b.

• If you filed a joint return for 2023 but you will not file a joint return for 2024, first figure the tax both you and your spouse would have paid had you filed separate returns for 2023 using the same filing status as for 2024. Then multiply the tax on the joint return by a fraction, the numerator being the tax you would have paid had you filed a separate return, over the total tax you and your spouse would have paid had you filed separate returns. Enter this amount on line 12b.

• If you didn’t file a return for 2023 or your 2023 tax year was less than 12 full months, don’t complete line 12b. Instead, enter the amount from line 12a on line 12c.

Figuring your 2023 tax. Use the following instructions to figure your 2023 tax.

The tax shown on your 2023 Form 1040 or 1040-SR is the amount on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, line 24, reduced by:

1. Unreported social security and Medicare tax or RRTA tax from Schedule 2 (Form 1040), lines 5 and 6;

2. Any tax included on Schedule 2 (Form 1040), line 8, on excess contributions to an IRA, Archer MSA, Coverdell education savings account, health savings account, ABLE account, or on excess accumulations in qualified retirement plans;

3. Amounts on Schedule 2 (Form 1040) as listed under Exception 2, earlier; and

4. Any refundable credit amounts on Form 1040 or 1040-SR, lines 27, 28, and 29, Schedule 3 (Form 1040), lines 9 and 12, and Schedule H lines 8e and 8f.